https://www.chewy.com/education/small-pet/rabbit/signs-and-diagnosis-of-e-cuniculi-in-rabbits
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Encephalitozoon cuniculi, often referred to as EC, is a parasitic infection that can cause significant health issues in rabbits, including head tilt and cataracts, but it is not always fully understood by pet owners.
This microsporidian parasite is more complex than a typical bacterium, as it shares more characteristics with fungi. EC infects various mammals, including rabbits, guinea pigs, and mice, and can spread through spores found in urine or feces.
These spores can survive in the environment for months, making it easy for rabbits to become infected through ingestion, inhalation, or even by having the spores come into contact with their eyes.
The infection can be passed from mother to baby rabbits as well, adding another layer of risk to young bunnies.
Though the parasite is found in many mammals, it typically causes serious illness only in those with weakened immune systems.
When EC infects rabbits, it primarily targets the eyes and nervous system, leading to symptoms such as a head tilt, cloudy eyes, or cataracts. However, diagnosing EC can be tricky, as other health issues can produce similar symptoms.
In some cases, rabbits may carry the infection without showing any signs of illness, with only subtle kidney changes detectable after death.
]If the rabbit's immune system fails to fight off the infection, or if it becomes overly aggressive, inflammation in the brain can cause noticeable issues like a head tilt or more severe neurological symptoms, including paralysis or difficulty moving.
Infected rabbits might also show vague signs like poor appetite, lethargy, and weight loss.
Since EC can affect multiple organs and cause a variety of symptoms, veterinarians often consider it when diagnosing a sick rabbit, and specialized tests, including blood tests and imaging, are used to confirm the presence of the parasite and evaluate the extent of the damage.
Chewy editorial team offers guidance on recognizing the signs of E. cuniculi and understanding how veterinarians diagnose this condition.
By learning what to expect, you will be better prepared to support your beloved rabbit through any necessary testing and treatments.
Knowing how to have informed conversations with your vet can give you peace of mind and help ensure your special bunny gets the best care possible, so you both can face this challenge together.
